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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*jap- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to lap 2 greedy 3 lickerish face="Times New Roman Star"1 лакать, жадно пить 2 жадный 3 лакомый face="Times New Roman Star"jabylyg| 2 R 3, 281 (Koib., Kach.); c?apla-t- 1, c?apsyx 3 face="Times New Roman Star"japla-t- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sabyrg|a:- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"A local Siberian root.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sor/ak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"village face="Times New Roman Star"деревня face="Times New Roman Star"sozaq ( ? -u-) (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 861, VEWT 429.
face="Times New Roman Star"*so"k- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to kneel face="Times New Roman Star"преклонять колени, стоять на коленях face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-, so"kit- (OUygh.), so"ku"r- (Orkh.) face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- (MK , KB ), so"kit- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"so"gej-, so"gu"ru"- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 819, 820, 822, VEWT 430. Turk. *so"k-u"r- > WMong. so"ku"re-, Kalm. so"kr- (KW 333).
face="Times New Roman Star"*toku face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"rite, ceremony face="Times New Roman Star"обряд (погребальный, свадебный) face="Times New Roman Star"toqu (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"toqu (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"toka 'wedding present' (dial.), 'handshake' face="Times New Roman Star"toqa (Sangl. ), toqal 'the least respected wife' (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to.qo|l 'second wife' face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 'younger wife' face="Times New Roman Star"tъxlac?ъ 'matchmaker' face="Times New Roman Star"toqol 'younger wife' face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 'first wife in respect to others' face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 'younger wife' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 466, Егоров 241 (derives from F.-U. or from tъxъm 'progeny' - both quite dubious morphologically), VEWT 485. The semantic development is 'rite, ceremony' > 'wedding' > 'matchmaker' / 'younger wife'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*dar/ (?-a:-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bald face="Times New Roman Star"лысый face="Times New Roman Star"taz (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"taz (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"daz face="Times New Roman Star"taz face="Times New Roman Star"taz (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to|z face="Times New Roman Star"taz face="Times New Roman Star"daz face="Times New Roman Star"tas face="Times New Roman Star"tas face="Times New Roman Star"tas face="Times New Roman Star"tas face="Times New Roman Star"tas face="Times New Roman Star"taz face="Times New Roman Star"taz face="Times New Roman Star"taz face="Times New Roman Star"tad| face="Times New Roman Star"taz face="Times New Roman Star"taz face="Times New Roman Star"taz (ССЯ ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 467, EDT 570, ЭСТЯ 3, 124. Turk. > Hung. tar 'bald', see MNyTESz 3, 847.
face="Times New Roman Star"*japal face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"spleen face="Times New Roman Star"селезенка face="Times New Roman Star"c?avana, Todzh. (Рас. ФиЛ, 194) c?y'val face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'p`al face="Times New Roman Star"An isolated Sayan root.
face="Times New Roman Star"*delim face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"many face="Times New Roman Star"много face="Times New Roman Star"telim (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"telim (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"delim (Osm.) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 472, EDT 499-500.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tal/ak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"scrotum face="Times New Roman Star"мошонка face="Times New Roman Star"tas?aq MK, IM face="Times New Roman Star"tas?ak face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) tas?aq (CCum ., Ettuhf. , Tel. , Houts. , AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) tas?aq (УЯ) face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) taz?ax (Kach.), tazax (Sag.) (Joki 1952, 318) face="Times New Roman Star"taz?aq face="Times New Roman Star"tas?s?aq face="Times New Roman Star"tasax| face="Times New Roman Star"tas?aq face="Times New Roman Star"tas?aq face="Times New Roman Star"tas?aq face="Times New Roman Star"tas?aq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 466 (should be distinguished from *dia:l/ 'stone'), EDT 562. (D-T 199 think that the Khal. geminate is compensating for vowel length in *dia:l/, which would be rather unprecedented in Turkic).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"d face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"throne face="Times New Roman Star"трон face="Times New Roman Star"bo"d (Orkh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"tta"x, bitta"x (Пек. ) 'cross-bar in a stool, cross-piece in a boat' (?) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 82, EDT 298. The Yak. word may belong here if it is not derived from *bu"t- 'to end'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju":l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be mad, crazy 2 anger 3 to be sexually excited face="Times New Roman Star"1 сходить с ума 2 гнев 3 быть в состоянии полового возбуждения face="Times New Roman Star"d/u"l- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s/il@ 2 face="Times New Roman Star"su":l- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 213, ЭСТЯ 4, 33. Chuv. > Hung. gyu?lo"l 'be angry'. Forms like Kirgh. z?|o":lu"-, Uygh. z?|o"lu"- 'to go mad, speak in one's sleep' are obviously < Mong. z?|eg|u"le-, but the Chuv. and Yak. forms, as well as the Oyr. form d/u"l- seem to be archaic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u":t face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hole face="Times New Roman Star"дыра face="Times New Roman Star"u"t (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"t (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"t face="Times New Roman Star"u"t face="Times New Roman Star"hi:.t face="Times New Roman Star"u":t face="Times New Roman Star"u":t face="Times New Roman Star"u"t face="Times New Roman Star"u"t face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 36, VEWT 524, ЭСТЯ 1, 639-640, Stachowski 255.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ter face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 hired labour 2 wages face="Times New Roman Star"1 работа по найму 2 зарплата face="Times New Roman Star"ter 1, 2 (MK , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"ter og|lan 'hired worker' face="Times New Roman Star"ter 2 (MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"tar(a) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"terij- 'to organize' face="Times New Roman Star"xol deri 2 (contamination: lit. 'arm sweat') face="Times New Roman Star"man|daj teri 2 (contamination: lit. 'forehead sweat') face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 474, EDT 528, Лексика 353, Федотов 2, 176 (the root should be kept distinct from *der 'sweat'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*to"r/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 foundation, root 2 origin, ancestors face="Times New Roman Star"1 корень 2 происхождение, основание, род, предки face="Times New Roman Star"to"z (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to"z (MK , KB ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z 2 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"to"z 1 ('root of the ear' - Sangl. ), 2 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 'original spirits', to"s-te- 'to lay ground' face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 2, to"s-tu"k 'tree trunk' face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 2; 'shrub; original spirits' face="Times New Roman Star"tu"re 'object of dedication; spirit' face="Times New Roman Star"to"ru"t 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to"ru"t face="Times New Roman Star"do"s 1, 2, 'shrub' face="Times New Roman Star"do"s, to"s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"to"z, to"s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z 2 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 495, TMN 2, 612, EDT 571, Лексика 109, Федотов 2, 264, Stachowski 228.
face="Times New Roman Star"*aglak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 lonely, uninhabited (place) 2 unemployed, out of work 3 field face="Times New Roman Star"1 незаселенное место 2 безработный, лишенный службы 3 поле, степь face="Times New Roman Star"ag|laq 1 (OUygh. - Buddh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ag|laq 1 (MK ), ag|la-ju 1 (MK ; deverb. from *ag|la- 'to be deserted' (unattested)), ag|la-t- (MK ) 'to send away (people)' face="Times New Roman Star"aylak 2; ag|lak (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"awlaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ag|lax 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ulax 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o:laq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"awlaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"awlaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"awlaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"awlaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ajlaq, hajlaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"awlaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"awlaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"awlaq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 84, 85, VEWT 8, ЭСТЯ 1, 64. Turk. > WMong. ag|laq, ag|lag|a id. (KW 3, Щербак 1997 , 95). Tends to contaminate with *a:b-lag 'hunting lands'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a>dal/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"friend, companion face="Times New Roman Star"друг, товарищ face="Times New Roman Star"adas? (OUygh. - Buddh., Man.) face="Times New Roman Star"ad|as? (MK , KB ), ajas? (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"atas face="Times New Roman Star"ajas? face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 5, EDT 72. A hypothesis about *adal/ < (compound) at-dal/ with 'name' as the first component is impossible (in that case we would expect *atal/ and 'namesake' as the earliest meaning). The form attas? is attested since MTurk.: attas? 'namesake' (Tefs. ), adas? 'namesake' (Chag. Sangl. ), atas? 'namesake' (CCum. ) - and contaminates with *adal/. Modern languages for the most part reflect the compound, see ЭСТЯ I 203-204. Cf. Tuva a'das?ky-lar 'a father with his children' ("namesakes"; NB: pharyngealization as a reflex of *-t-). A possible reflex of *adal/ is Chuv. ural-a-s?- 'to agree about acquiring smth. collectively, together' and ural-a-n- 'to form a light circle (of astronomical bodies)': both are semantically quite far from ura-la-n- 'to recover'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KEdir- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to skin (a sheep) 2 to scrape on a washboard (while washing) face="Times New Roman Star"1 обдирать (овцу) 2 шаркать при стирке белья о бельевую доску face="Times New Roman Star"ked|ir- 1, ked|r-il- (pass.), ked|r-is?- (coop.), ked|r-im 'skinned meat' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kidire- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 705. Yak. kedere:n 'scraper' is rather < Mong., see Лексика 380.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Akan/a face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 gull 2 white partridge face="Times New Roman Star"1 чайка 2 куропатка face="Times New Roman Star"ag|aja, ag|ajan| (Sag., Kach.) 'a k. of bird' face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ag|anaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 9.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Alk- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to finish; destroy; (refl.) perish, be exhausted, come to an end face="Times New Roman Star"заканчивать, выполнять; уничтожать face="Times New Roman Star"alq- (Orkh., OUygh.), alq-yn- (refl.) (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"alq- (MK , IM ), alq-yn- refl. (MK , IM ), alqys?- 'to destroy each other' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"alk- (dial.); alk-ys?- (Old Osm.) 'to destroy (many)' face="Times New Roman Star"alq-yn- 'to weaken' (Р I 390), 'to rage' (Юд. 51) (?) face="Times New Roman Star"alq-yn- 'to get short of breath, chafe' (?) face="Times New Roman Star"alq-yn- 'to get short of breath' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 135, 137, 138-139; VEWT 17. Reflexes in modern languages are not quite secure. The reflexive form alkyn- 'weaken' (but note the difference in meanings in R and in modern dictionaries) may be derived both from *alk- and from *alyk- 'to deteriorate, disintegrate' (EDT 138), which belongs rather to *Al 'silly, weak', alyg| 'bad, weak, wicked' (in any case, cannot be morphologically identified with *alk-), thus modern languages may exhibit a contamination.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyna face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"helminth face="Times New Roman Star"глист face="Times New Roman Star"xyna face="Times New Roman Star"qyna face="Times New Roman Star"qyna 'вредитель хлебных злаков' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"gde ( ? -o"-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"dagger face="Times New Roman Star"кинжал face="Times New Roman Star"bu"/o"gde (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"/o"gde (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 325, TMN 2, 294-295, Лексика 566. Turk. > Pers. bogda 'big knife'.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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